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The law of conservation of energy, an obstacle to the progress of science and industry

 

According to the current definition, the law of conservation of energy is not accepted because this law has certain conditions that if these conditions exist, this law will be correct.

The traditional definition of the law of conservation of energy:

The law of conservation of energy states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed – only converted from one form of energy to another. This means that a system always has the same amount of energy, unless it’s added from the outside.

A consequence of the law of conservation of energy is that a perpetual motion machine of the first kind cannot exist; that is to say, no system without an external energy supply can deliver an unlimited amount of energy to its surroundings.

The law of conservation of energy is true when it has the following conditions:

1- The energy system is closed

2- The source of energy is only material

3- Energy is of entropy type

– Energy system:

The world is made of matter and matter is equal to energy, so the world means energy. Every object and particle is surrounded by different types of energy, many of which are unknown, and these energies can affect any system and cause an increase or decrease in the energy of a closed system, so it can be said that there is no closed system in the world naturally, and humans It also cannot create any closed system.

The origin and cause of energy:

According to the law of causality, the world is an effect and God is the cause of it, that is, God is source and origin of energy. God is infinite, so the amount of energy in the world is infinite.

Energy can be transferred in two ways: through a series of material causes or without material causes. Therefore, an immaterial cause can decrease or increase energy in a system. For example, an ordinary person can easily move a 20 kg object, but If a person’s child dies, the grief caused by the death of the child causes the person’s body to become weak, and in this case, not only is he unable to move a weight of 20 kg, but it becomes difficult for him to stand and maintain the balance of his body.

The same person, if his child is stuck under an obstacle such as debris, can move up to 100 kg and save his child, so immaterial reasons such as grief and love can be effective in reducing or increasing the energy of the system and increase the efficiency of the system to more than 100%.

In holy books such as the Quran, Bible, Torah, etc., there are many examples of non-material causes that have been able to reduce or increase the energy of the system. Therefore, the law of conservation of energy is not limited to material energies, but non-material energies can violate this law.

 

Entropy and syntropy energy:

If the law of conservation of energy is correct, it applies only to the phenomenon of entropy or entropy energy, while there are two types of phenomena or energy in the world:

A-Entropy

B-Syntropy

A- The phenomenon of entropy is accompanied by disorder and the efficiency is less than 100%. Centrifugal movement or outward movement causes entropy, disorder, multiplication and heat.

B-Syntropy is the opposite of entropy. Efficiency in syntropy phenomena is higher than 100%. Centripetal movement or towards the center causes syntropy, increasing order, unity and coldness.

In defining the law of conservation of energy, scientists have only paid attention to entropy systems, and most of them are unaware of syntropic energy and centripetal motion and its effects.

 

Entropy and syntropy cause the stability and durability of the world, and the lack and imbalance between them will cause the destruction of the world, although due to various reasons, it is not possible to destroy the world. Therefore, syntropy prevails over entropy, and for this reason, order prevails over disorder. With the passage of billions of years in the life of the world, not only has disorder not increased, but order has increased. The world is a very large and complex system, and the survival of such a system for several billions without order is not possible. Besides, even now after a few Billions of years, from electrons to celestial spheres, all have the highest level of order. Anything that is orderly, if a person has scientific knowledge about it, that thing will be predictable. That is why when a person plants wheat, he is sure that the wheat will grow. He will harvest, not apples, because the world is ruled by order.

According to the above, it is clear that the law of conservation of energy does not include all phenomena and systems, that is, it is not a general law, but a partial law that is true in some cases and not true in some cases, so the law of conservation of energy can be violated.

Almost all machines today are built on the basis of entropy and centrifugal motion, all of which are associated with increasing disorder, increasing heat, and decreasing efficiency because our science is limited to entropy and scientists are ignorant of the main part of science.

Therefore, it can be said that the law of conservation of energy has prevented human progress and caused the destruction of the environment and the increase of diseases, because by violating this law, it is possible to build equipment with an efficiency higher than 100% based on syntropic energy and centripetal motion, that don’t need fuel, heat, explosion and pressure. Nature works on the basis of syntropy, that’s why nature is self-running and self-regulating.

In order to achieve real progress in science, man must learn from nature and act accordingly. Nature does not use smoky fuel, compression, pressure, and explosive heat for its operation, because all these methods increase entropy and decrease efficiency. Instead of fossil fuel, it uses water, air and atomic and nuclear energies as energy sources and also uses temperature difference and suction instead of pressure.

Suction with a spiral movement towards the center, while increasing efficiency above 100%, this method will also overcome gravity.

The tornado is an example of nature’s syntropic behavior, and the transfer of sea water to the sky and its transformation into rain is another example of nature’s behavior.

The constant movement of electrons and celestial spheres for several billion years indicates syntropic and self-running behavior or overunity.

Yes, nature violates the law of conservation of energy because its efficiency is generally higher than 100%, and the growth and evolution of organisms indicates syntropy. This verse in the Quran refers to syntropy and efficiency over 100%:

He who brings a good deed shall have tenfold of its like, but he who brings a sin shall be recompensed only for its like. None shall be wronged. (160))

According to the above, it can be said that all those who have achieved free and permanent energy have faced a great challenge called the law of conservation of energy.

Based on this law, all scientists oppose free energy (above 100%) and have hindered scientific and industrial growth and progress.

 

There are two errors in the definition of the law of conservation of energy:

A- Error in expression

B- Misunderstanding

A- Errors in expression: To clarify the matter, pay attention to the following two examples:

1- Today, all doctors believe that a person should drink 8 glasses or 2 liters of water every day, while this sentence is incorrect, that is, the sentence is not stated correctly, and the correct statement is as follows: Every person should drink 2 liters of liquids and water every day. Therefore, 2 liters of water or liquids can be obtained through tea, coffee, vegetables, juice, food and other edibles.

2- It is said: the sum of the internal angles of a triangle is 180 degrees. While this rule should be amended as follows: the sum of the internal angles of a triangle on a flat surface, i.e. two-dimensional, is equal to 180 degrees. Because the sum of the internal angles of a triangle on the surface of a sphere, i.e. three-dimensional, is up to 270 degrees.

According to the above two examples, it is clear that the law of conservation of matter and energy also needs to be modified.

B- Errors in understanding: The law of conservation of matter and energy is not a general law and therefore does not apply everywhere, so scientists must change their understanding and knowledge about this law.

Stephen Hawking’s mistakes

 

Perhaps Hawking’s biggest mistake is that he considers the universe to be unique in matter and wants to reach the truths and secrets of existence by relying only on empirical sciences, and because he is looking for the truth with imperfect tools, he is unable to access it. For this reason, he tries to deny the facts and replaces his illusions and fantasies with the truth.

The exclusiveness of the existence in the world of matter causes the influence of other worlds to be denied, and because Hawking does not believe in the metaphysical world, and in other words, he has no knowledge of this world, he denies its influence on the world of matter and ridicules it, and the reason for the denial God is by them because of his lack of awareness of immaterial worlds and immaterial beings.

We will prove immaterial worlds to disprove some of Hawking’s theories. After proving these worlds, we have stated their relationship in order to make it clear that in order to perform actions in the world of matter, the longitudinal connection between the worlds will cause the realization of actions. The influence of the higher worlds on the lower worlds in Islam and the Quran is interpreted as angels and gods or lords of all kinds.

Hawking is only familiar with entropy energy, which causes disorder and chaos, while syntropy energy is opposite to entropy and increases order, he is unaware of this energy.

Hawking is a researcher and theorist, some of his findings and theories are wrong and in some cases childish. Because his writings are associated with physics and scientific terms, he has gained many fans. Of course, it seems that most of his readers and fans, because they consider him a prominent physicist and astronomer, have accepted his other ideas about creation and God, while many of these opinions are in conflict with experimental science.

Perhaps because of his great fame, Hawking sometimes gets so excited that he violates the most obvious scientific and intellectual matters and denies them, for example, he says that the total energy of the universe is zero.

And he also says that the world is finite but has no boundary, while the surface of the sphere is its boundary.

He mistakenly called the possibility of circular movement and non-interruption of movement in the spherical space as boundless.

If the expansion of the universe is disproved, most of Hawking’s theories will be rejected. We will prove that the expansion of the universe is impossible.

Hawking’s definition of space and time is incorrect. He considered the space and the area illuminated by a star to be a general meaning of space, and therefore his other arguments will have problems.

The definition of time based on the speed of light is the physical definition of light, not its true definition. Because in Hawking’s opinion, time is derived from the speed of light and light is bent under gravity, so time will also be bent.

But real time has no dependence on light and therefore will not be bent due to gravity, nor will it be fast or slow. Such a time has no objective existence outside and is not considered the fourth dimension.

This time has nothing to do with space.

Based on real time, the slowing down of time due to gravity would be meaningless.

Therefore, many of Hawking’s theories will be rejected and unacceptable with real time.

Hawking’s familiarity with logic, Islamic philosophy and divine religions was very little, and this caused his errors to increase.

Without knowledge of philosophy and religion, especially Islam, he comments on the issues of philosophy and religion and tries to challenge them.

This ignorant method is intellectually condemned.

Therefore, one of Hawking’s mistakes is that he started answering religious and philosophical issues without knowledge of philosophy and religion.

If immaterial worlds and God are proven, most of Howking’s theories will be invalidated.

Hawking does not believe in the law of causality, and for this reason, he believes that creatures are random

He also does not accept the law of conservation of energy with his opinions such as: The world was created from nothing.

Hawking wants to achieve the theory everything with an incorrect and incomplete method, while by knowing a part of the world, you cannot gain knowledge of the whole world. Someone can have complete knowledge of the world, who is aware of all the details of the world, and such a person is an imam or a prophet. Imam and Prophet because they are in relationship with God, they can have full knowledge of everything.

He says: “We now know that every particle has an antiparticle, with which it can annihilate.(In the case of the force-carrying  particles, the antiparticles are the same as the particles themselves.)There could be whole antiworlds and antipeople made out of antiparticles.”

It is acceptable that every particle has an antiparticle .But the antiparticle does not destroy the particle but complements it and each one is incomplete without the other and they reach balance in the presence of each other. In other words, the particle and the antiparticle are opposites, not contradictory to each other. Opposites are like black and white, good and evil, heaven and hell, night and day. None of the opposites destroys the other, but their effect is in opposition to the other, without each of them, the world will not be complete and balanced.

With the anti-particle, another world does not arise apart from the existing world, but it creates a complete world alongside the particle, so the anti- world and the world are intermingled and each cannot be realized without the other. These two are like the threads of a fabric that complement each other, although their effect is somehow opposite to the other.

If the antiparticle is the destroyer of the particle, the universe would not have formed at all, and it is said that the number of particles is more than the antiparticle and therefore the universe will not be destroyed, is an unprovable statement.

Therefore, the anti-worlds and anti-people are not our destroyers, but they are our completers, like the problems in human life make a person stronger, not the destruction of a person, and if a person is not in the midst of problems, he will be like a lion in a cage, which gradually loses its strength. He loses and becomes like a tame animal.

Moreover, the presence of antiparticles does not cause the creation of antiworlds and anti-peoples, rather, particles and antiparticles form one world, not two or more worlds, just as positive and negative energy form one world.

He says: “At the big bang itself the universe is thought to have had zero size, and so to have been infinitely hot. But as the universe expanded, the temperature of the radiation decreased. One second after the big bang, it would have fallen to about ten thousand million degrees.”

The universe is infinite, and therefore the infinite does not become zero. It is like saying that the whole is equal to the part, or that the infinite is the same as zero.

Therefore, before the big bang (although the big bang is a point of dispute and is not acceptable from our point of view), the density of the universe was infinite and its size was not zero.

Rather, it can be said that all the particles were connected and there was no void between them.

Also, the size of the universe was not zero or small, but the size of the very dense mass was small or zero.

It means that the universe or infinite space existed, but there were no heavenly bodies in it.

 

We will soon be writing a book on Hawking’s mistakes

Schauberger’s ideas and discoveries

 

Who was Viktor Schauberger?

Viktor Schauberger was an Austrian forest caretaker, naturalist, philosopher, inventor and pseudoscientist.

Viktor Schauberger was born on June 30th,1885 in the parish of Ulrichsberg, in Upper Austria. He was descended from a long line

of foresters, who had devoted their whole lives to the natural management and administration of the forest, a dedication mirrored

in their family motto, ‘Faith in the silent forests’. With this as his background and much against his father’s will, but with the support of his mother, at the age of 18 he flatly refused to follow in the footsteps of his two elder brothers and attend university, having seen how it had affected his brothers’ thinking. Apart from his earnest desire to become a forester,the main reason for his refusal was that he did not wish to have his natural way of thinking corrupted by people he considered totally alienated to Nature. He did not want to be forced to see things through other jaundiced eyes, but through his own. For, as he later wrote:

The only possible outcome of the purely categorizing compart-mentality, thrust upon us at school, is the loss of our creativity. People are losing their individuality, their ability to see things as they really are and thereby their connection with Nature. They are fast approaching a state of equilibrium impossible in Nature, which must force them into a total economic collapse, for no stable system of equilibrium exists. Therefore the principles upon which our actions are founded are invalid, because they operate within parameters that do not exist.

Our work is the embodiment of our will. The spiritual manifestation of this work is its effect.

When such work is done properly, it brings happiness, but when carried out incorrectly, it assuredly brings misery.

Taking his mother’s advice and following his natural instincts, Viktor became a junior forest warden, spending the next few years often in areas of remote forest. There he was able to perceive movements of energy and natural phenomena in Nature’s own laboratory, because in Austria in the early part of this century, circa 1900-1915, there were large tracts of forest still untouched by human hand. After the 1914-1918 war in which he was wounded, Viktor returned to forestry, eventually entering the employ of Prince Adolph zu Schaumburg-Lippe, the owner of a large hunting and forestry reserve in Steyrling.

In these districts there had been no interference in the balance of Nature and Viktor was thus able to observe events that are today inconceivable, and which no longer take place because of the enormous deterioration of the environment.

It was here that he acquired the insights into the natural movement

of water that resulted in the building of his first log flume.Here too he first became aware of other levitational energies inherent in water, for one day in the middle of a very cold winter, as he was about to cross over a fast-flowing mountain stream, he flushed a stationary trout from its lair as he sought a firm hold for his staff on the stream bed. Its lightning flash upstream immediately caused a number of questions to race through his mind:

How did the trout actually manage to get to this spot – and later I saw dozens of them in the same stream – which was cut off by a 60 metre high waterfall about a kilometre downstream, where the water was atomised into a veil of mist?

How was it able to flee upstream like a streak of greased lightning in mockery of all the laws of gravity?

How was it possible for this fish to stand so motionlessly, only steering itself with slight movements of its tail-fins, in this wildly torrential flow, which made my staff shake so much that I could hardly hang onto it?

What forces enabled the trout to overcome its own body-weight so effortlessly and quickly and at the same time overcome the specific weight of the heavy water flowing against it?

Why didn’t the water freeze even during periods of severe frost with temperatures below -30oC?

While Viktor undoubtedly had an especial talent for observation, a penetrating power of perception undimmed by preconceptions, he also developed what might be called an active consciousness, an ability to go beyond the merely visual in search of what lay behind a given phenomenon.

This taught him a great deal and how this ability gradually evolved, he explained as follows:

The Schaubergers’ principal preoccupation was directed towards the conservation of the forest and wild game, and even in earliest youth my fondest desire was to understand Nature, and through such understanding to come closer to the truth; a truth that I was unable to discover either at school or in church.

In this quest I was thus drawn time and time again up into the forest. I could sit for hours on end and watch the water flowing by without ever becoming tired or bored. At the time I was still unaware that in water the greatest secret lay hidden.

Nor did I know that water was the carrier of life or the source of what we call consciousness.

Without any preconceptions, I simply let my gaze fall on the water as it flowed past. It was only years later that I came to realise that running water attracts our consciousnesses like a magnet and draws a small part of it along in its wake. It is a force that can act so powerfully that one temporarily loses one’s consciousness and involuntarily falls asleep.

As time passed I began to play a game with water’s secret powers; I surrendered my so-called free consciousness and allowed the water to take possession of it for a while. Little by little this game turned into a profoundly earnest endeavour,because I realised that one could detach one’s own consciousness from the body and attach it to that of the water.

When my own consciousness was eventually returned to me, then the water’s most deeply concealed psyche often revealed the most extraordinary things to me. As a result of this investigation, a researcher was born who could dispatch his consciousness on a voyage of discovery,as it were. In this way I was able to experience things that had escaped other people’s notice,because they were unaware that a human being is able to send forth his free consciousness into those places the eyes cannot see.

By practising this blindfolded vision, I eventually developed a bond with mysterious Nature,whose essential being I then slowly learnt to perceive and understand.

Schauberger’s ideas and discoveries

1-Viktor used to spend hours watching fish in the streams. He was fascinated by how the trout could lie motionless in the strongest current and then, if alarmed, without warning, would dart upstream rather than be carried down with the flow. Having learned from his family about the importance of temperature on the energy potential of water, he did an experiment. He had colleagues heat up 100 liters of water that, on his signal, they poured into the fast-flowing mountain stream some 150 meters upstream from where he stood. Viktor noted how the trout he had been observing became agitated, and soon was unable to hold its station in the fast flowing stream, thrashing its tail fins to no avail. The minute, but nevertheless abnormal, rise in the average temperature of the water and the chaoticized flow that resulted, had interfered with the trout’s hovering ability.

He would often quote these experiences with the trout as having the most influence on developing his ideas, for temperature and motion were the foundations of his theories and discoveries. He subsequently developed a generator to produce energy directly from air and water, naming it the ‘trout turbine’ in honour of his mentor, though it was later called the ‘implosion machine.’

Viktor’s abiding interest was to discover how to generate energy using Nature’s own methods. He worked out how a trout is able to screw its way up a waterfall by hitching a ride on strong levitative currents, and using this principle, the first generator he developed was the ‘trout turbine.’ To perfect this he needed more precise information on how a trout is able to stand motionless in a fast moving current, and indeed how it can suddenly accelerate upstream. The above diagram illustrates this amazing phenomenon .

The trout is holding its station in mid steam where the water is coldest, densest and has most potential energy. Viktor studied the gills of the fish and found what he thought were guide vanes which would direct the water flow into a powerful backwards vortex current. Its shiny scales minimize friction with the water, but they also create scores more of little vortices that amplify the upstream counter current, particularly towards the tail, which cancel out the pressure on the fish’s snout. A zone of negative thrust is created along the whole of the trout’s body and so it stays in the same place. These counter currents can be increased by flicks of the tail, creating negative pressure behind the fish. Flapping of the gills amplifies the vortices along its flanks, giving it a sudden push upstream. The faster the gills move the more oxygen-deficient water is expelled from the body. This combining with the free oxygen in the water, causes the water body to expand, with an effect on the fish similar to squeezing a bar of wet soap in your hand.

2-Another experience that Viktor often quoted as significant for his growth in understanding, occurred when he had shot a chamois buck on a frosty night under the full Moon. The buck fell into a ravine and, attempting to retrieve it, Schauberger fell down a snow chute to the bottom. In the bright light of the Moon, he became aware of movement in the stream below where he stood. Some green logs were bobbing up on the surface, then sinking to the bottom, as though they were dancing. And not only that, but a large stone began to gyrate at the bottom, and then came to the surface, where it was immediately surrounded by a halo of ice. Other stones also surfaced, and he saw that they were all egg-shaped. It seemed that no uneven or ragged stones would float in this way. Schauberger developed his ideas of different forms of motion and shapes from these observations.

Having seen how water could carry its greatest load on a cold, clear night, he made practical use of this observation. During the winter of 1918, the town of Linz was suffering a severe shortage of fuel as a result of the war when the draft animals had been commandeered. There was a small stream that ran through narrow gorges and which was considered unsuitable for transporting logs, but he wanted to try out his ideas using this stream. His offer to help being accepted by the authorities, he describes how he proceeded:

I had observed that an increased water level after a thaw builds up sandbanks that are then partially dispersed when the water temperature drops during clear cool nights. I then waited for an increase in the strength of the water current. This takes place in the early hours of the morning, when it is coldest, and particularly at full Moon, although the volume of the water is apparently less due to its compression on cooling. I planned for the timber to be put in the stream under these conditions, and in one night 1600m3 were brought down to the valley.

Viktor had discovered that when water was at its coldest, it had much more energy that enabled it to carry more sediment, gouging out deposits of sand, and concluded that in these conditions it would be able to carry a greater weight of logs. This was a principle that enabled him to turn upside down the current theories of hydraulics, and particularly the methods of river and flood management.

 

He also became very interested in the behaviour of trout and salmon in the mountain streams. The large mountain trout could lie motionless for any amount of time in the strongest current They made the odd movement with fin and tail, but otherwise appeared anchored in the rushing flow. If alarmed, on the other hand, they darted at lightning speed against the current instead of allowing themselves to be carried downstream by it, which would seem to be more natural.

Schauberger could find no explanation for the trout’s behaviour in existing literature. However, he knew a mountain stream was colder near its source and became warmer farther from the source. Could this have some connection with the trout’s struggle to escape against the current? He undertook several experiments to investigate this. As his observation point he chose a stretch of strong rapids along a stream where a large trout liked to lie. He men organised his woodsmen to warm up about one hundred liters of water and pour this in 500 meters upstream at a given signal. The stream was large, with a flow volume of several cubic meters of water per second. The meagre 100 liters of heated water did not noticeably warm up the stream. However, soon after the warm water was added, the trout- which until then had remained motionless- became greatly agitated. It flexed its tail, and was only with considerable effort able to maintain its position with vigorous movement of its fins. Soon its efforts were to no avail, and it was swept downstream, out of sight only much later to return to its old position. This convinced Schauberger that his theory was correct that there was indeed a connection between the water’s temperature and the trout’s behaviour.

3-Schauberger also studied the trout’s ability to jump up high waterfalls with little apparent effort. Within this phenomenon he saw evidence for his theory that the trout exploited some hitherto unknown source of energy within the water. He can himself describe such an observation:

It was spawning time one early spring moonlight night I was sitting beside a waterfall waiting to catch a dangerous fish poacher. What then occurred took place so quickly that I was hardly able to comprehend. In the moonlight falling directly onto the crystal clear water, every movement of the fish, garnered in large numbers, could be observed. Suddenly the trout dispersed, due to the appearance of a particularly large fish which swam up from below to confront the waterfall. It seemed as if it wished to disturb me other trout and danced in great twisting movements in the undulating water, as it swam quickly to and fro. Then, as suddenly, the large trout disappeared in the jet of the waterfall which glistened like falling metal. I saw it fleetingly under a conically-shaped stream of water, dancing in a wild spinning movement the reason for which was at first not clear to me. It then came out of this spinning movement and floated motionlessly upwards. On reaching the lower curve of the waterfall, it tumbled over and with a strong push reached behind the upper curve of the waterfall. There, in the fast- flowing water, with a vigorous tail movement it disappeared. Deep in thought I filled my pipe, and as I wended my way homewards, smoked it to the end. I often subsequendy saw the same sequence of play of a trout jumping a high waterfall. After decades of similar observations, like rows of pearls on a chain, I should be able to come to some conclusion. But no scientist has been able to explain this phenomenon to me.

4-Schauberger, in another connection, suggests that a natural watercourse allowing natural motion, builds up an energy that flows in the opposite direction to the water. It is this energy that is used by the trout. In a suitably formed waterfall this energy flow can be distinguished as a channel of light within the streaming water. The trout seeks out this energy flow, and is sucked upwards as if in a whirlwind.

It was not only the trout, however, that he saw move in such an unusual way in these undisturbed waters. On a clear late winter night, in brilliant moonlight, he stood by a mountain pool formed within a rushing stream. The water in the pool was several meters deep, but so clear that he could easily see the bottom. Here lay stones, some as large as a man’s head. As he stood studying these, he was surprised to see mat a few of the stones were moving here and there, colliding with each other as if pulled together, only to be forced apart as if electrically charged. He explains:

I did not trust my generally observant eyes any more, when suddenly an almost head-size stone began to move in a circular path in the same way as a trout before leaping over a waterfall. The stone was egg-shaped.

In the next instance the stone was on the surface of the water, around which a circle of ice quickly formed. It appeared to float on the water surface, lit by the full moon.

Then a second, a third, followed by other stones in sequence went through the same movements. Eventually nearly all the stones of the same egg shape were on the surface. Other stones of irregular or angular shape remained below and did not move. At the time I naturally had no idea that it was a case of a synchronicity of events, leading to a unique form of movement This movement overcomes the force of gravity and allows the stones of regular shape to come to the surface of the water.’

Schauberger says later that all the ‘dancing stones’ contained metals. It was such observations as these in his wilderness that caused him to ponder over the meaning of ‘motion’.

He asked himself: ‘What, in fact, is ‘motion’?’ Are there perhaps different types of motion? Might there possibly exist a form of motion as yet unknown to science? Out of his ponderings and observations there slowly grew a theory of the different forms of motion. He dearly wanted to put forward this theory, to discuss it with technical experts and scientists, but how was he to show that he had discovered something new?

The Trout

5-Two questions shot through my mind. Firstly, how do trout reach this high location, because a kilometer downstream the water plunges 60 meters (180ft) and is atomised into a veil of mist? Secondly, just how was it possible that there, right in the axis of the current, a large number of fish were able to stand so effortlessly motionless. They steered themselves with but slight movements of their tail-fins, both overcoming their own weight and the specific weight of the heavy water flowing against them?

In this way I discovered the animalistic magnetism of earth, sap and blood, which enables the naturally flowing, planetarily inward-spiralling water-masses to maintain their steadiness of flow in variable gradients. This steadying force is rendered inoperative if the watercourse is regulated and straightened out. It is also extinguished if springwater is centrifuged in high-speed, steel pressure-turbines.

 

It seemed as though the trout was rocking itself to and fro in strongly pronounced looping movements. It was dancing a sort of reel in the swirling water. All at once it disappeared under the fall of water, which fell like liquid metal into the pond. The trout suddenly stood up on its tail and in the conically converging stream of water I perceived a wild movement like a spinning top, the cause of which was not immediately apparent. Having temporarily disappeared, the trout then re-emerged from this spinning movement and floated motionlessly upwards. Upon reaching the underside of the topmost curve of the waterfall it did a quick somersault in a high curve upstream  and with a loud smack was thrown beyond the upper curvature. With a powerful flick of its tail-fins it disappeared.

6-Later on I often saw how trout playfully surmounted high waterfalls, in this case 6 meters (19ft) high. How and why they were able to do this, however, I only discovered years later as a result of other observations which happened one after the other like a string of pearls. No scientist was ever able to explain this phenomenon to me.

I scared a large trout from its lair where it is able to feed and rest without effort. As if no law of gravity existed and as though shot from a bow, the trout darted upstream like lightning. Two questions flashed into my mind just as quickly as the trout sped upstream.

One: How did this trout actually get to this spot (later I saw dozens of them in the same stream) which was cut off by a waterfall about 100 meters high roughly a kilometer downstream?

Two: What forces enabled the trout, not only to overcome its own body- weight so effortlessly and quickly, but also to overcome the weight of the water flowing against it?

Many years later I finally understood the cause of this phenomenon. It is the ‘cycloid-spiral space-curve’. In conjunction with reactive differences in temperature it achieves the incredible; the overcoming of all weight through the creation of a reactive counterweight, generally known as the ‘specific weight’. It is necessary to understand this concept as a condition of densation pertaining to higher, more etherealised and more energetic formative entities, already in a metaphysical state of being.

 

Water, source of life

7-His painstaking and inspired studies of water were the source for a seminal paper that Schauberger wrote on ‘Temperature and the Movement of Water.’ Central to these was the influence of minute differences in temperature, which are presently wholly ignored by modern hydraulics and hydrology. Natural, living, water, which is conventionally regarded as a homogenous substance, he showed to be composed of many strata or layers with subtle variations in temperature and electric charge which influence the water’s motion, its form of flow and its physical properties.

Schauberger saw water as a pulsating, living substance that energizes all of life, both organic and inorganic. He called it ‘the life blood

of the Earth.’ Whether as water, blood or sap (which are essentially water), it is the indispensable constituent of all life-forms, and its quality and temperature is fundamental to health. When it is healthy it has a complex structure that enables it to communicate information, carry energy, nutrients and healing, to self-cleanse and discharge wastes. He believed that one of the causes of the disintegration of our culture is our disrespect for and destruction of water, the bringer of life, for in doing so we destroy life itself.

8- Viktor also profoundly believed that our dangerous technologies produce poor water that has lost its energy and its ability to pulsate — and is effectively lifeless. This dead water produces inadequate nutrition, and Viktor believed that its regressive energies are responsible for degenerative diseases like cancer, for lower intelligence and for community turmoil.

Natural forests (not the monoculture plantations of today) are the cradle of water and also the main source of oxygen for the planet. Their precipitate destruction, Schauberger predicted, would result in global warming, severe water shortage and the creation of deserts. He made brilliant observations of the way in which trees in a natural, diversified environment are biocondensers of energy (accumulating and storing energy from both Sun and Earth) — how the groundwater (man permitting) brings Earth’s energy to the tree in order to balance the Sun’s energy.

 

 

Hydroelectric power

9-Present methods of hydroelectric power generation destroy water in their own way. The water is thrust down cylindrical pipes under enormous pressure. Upon leaving these it is then hurled against steel turbine blades where it is smashed to smithereens. The physical structure of the water is literally demolished and all the dissolved oxygen, and even some of the oxygen in the water molecule itself, is centrifuged out of the water. Viktor Schauberger had photographs taken through a microscope that show the marked difference in the structure of water that has been subjected to centrifugence on the one hand and centripetence on the other. The fragmented appearance of the centrifugally moved water is unmistakable. The slicing action of the blades causes severe friction and heating which makes the oxygen highly aggressive and it attacks the bare metal, severely pitting the surface, often destroying the blades’ efficiency.

This fragmented and largely oxygen-deficient water, a virtual skeleton of healthy water when forcibly expelled into the river, has disastrous consequences for the fish and other aquatic life. Inevitably certain species of fish disappear once these power stations are commissioned, and other forms of life survive with difficulty.

The water is so depleted that it has to build itself up again completely before it can be of any benefit to the environment. So it seeks out new supplies of oxygen and other high quality substances wherever it can find them, including living things. With their particularly intimate contact with this ‘ravenous’ water, fish are especially prone to attack as it enters their very delicate gill systems and their body’s tissues are attacked by oxygen-hungry carbones. The soil bordering on the river is also leached of its nutrients which the water hungrily consumes resulting in a large drop in soil fertility and productivity.

 

Experimental egg-shaped vessel for generating hydro-electric power

10-The hyperbolic cone device with spiralled nozzles to maximize speed of water flow. This could produce 90% more electricity than a hydro turbine.

Viktor Schauberger showed how unnecessary is this extraordinarily destructive power-generating process. He devised a novel method in the early 1920s which can produce 90% more electricity from a given flow-volume without harm to the water. Using water from a nearby stream Viktor installed this device to light his forest warden’s house, which was too remote to be connected to any other source of supply.

It operates by water being cooled, densified and energized as it passes through a rifled brass nozzle, in a vortical flow, thereby reducing both pressure and friction as the water is centripetally drawn away from the sides. The water is directed against a multiple- spiral, shell-like impeller attached to the shaft of a generator.

 

The wooden water main

11-Schauberger knew that water can maintain its vitality and energy only if it is allowed to tumble about in a spiralling vortical manner. So in 1930 he set about designing a pipe that would actually encourage this movement. It was constructed of wooden staves, like a barrel, which allowed the moisture to seep through, transferring a cooling effect (as in sweating) to the water in the pipe. The spiralling movement was created by a series of guide vanes, which act like rifling in a gun barrel. These were made of silver plated copper to  enhance the subtle energies and fluted so as to direct movement towards the center, thus reducing the heating effects of friction.

 

It is a brilliant design that imitates the natural pulsating flow of water in a natural vessel and which delivers water that purifies itself and cools through its motion, eliminating the need for any sterilizing or purifying additives. Ideally, these wooden water mains should be embedded in sand, allowed them to breathe, and protected from light and heat. In such conditions they should out- last a steel pipe.

Schauberger’s search for free energy

12-Schauberger abandoned the Euclidean model of straight line and circle. All the functional surfaces of his machines employ the spirals, sinuosity and curves of the open forms of non-Euclidean geometry that are found in Nature. The egg-shapes and spirals that he employed produced life-affirming energies that stabilize, enhance and rehabilitate natural processes.

When Schauberger designed his prototype machines it was extremely difficult to perfect complex curvilinear surfaces. Now, with computer programmes, it is possible with ease to replicate Nature’s eggs, spirals and vortices. A design breakthrough to designing benevolent systems would be theoretically simple; what is lacking is the insight and the imagination.

During the 1930s and 1940s, he developed a number of prototypes of a machine which produced high quality spring water, a domestic air conditioning appliance, and various machines which produced prodigious amounts of motive power. All these machines worked on much the same principles, and had in common a virtually silent and inexpensive operation. All the important elements of Nature’s repertoire come into their own, such as male and female ethericities, creative vortical movement, temperature gradients, bioelectricism and biomagnetism. As Schauberger commented: At the intersection of two temperature gradients atomic energy is released. Whether it is a formative or destructive energy is deter- mined in each case by the type of movement and the composition of the alloys used to build the motion-producing machine.’

13-It was proved conclusively already by Viktor Schauberger to the famous hydrologist Prof. Forcheimer that when a stream of water is deflected tangentially by a stone of a certain shape and composition, and no larger than a child’s head, the temperature of the water drops by 0.1 to 0.5° C.  Such a temperature drop can reduce the temperature of one cubic liter of water 0.1° C. and is equivalent of 42.7 mkg effective power. The same is true of a temperature increase.  In summer, to raise the temperature of a river such as the Danube (delivery about 800 cubic meters/second), for example, to 20° C. bathing temperature, it takes about 60 million PS or 45 million KW.  This energy is freely supplied by the sun.  We know that as it is being heated the water loses much of its natural properties, becoming first undrinkable, then dead, and finally putrid. In contrast, cooling to the point of anomaly +4° Centigrade, by imparting to it a spiral motion, restores its original properties, so it becomes once more like fine spring water.

After a while Schauberger discovered that Forcheimer was different to the scientists he had met earlier. The two men stood beside a mountain stream, deep in discussion. Suddenly Schauberger said:

‘Can the Professor tell me where the water is coldest, before or after it has flowed around that stone?’ – and he pointed to a stone out in the stream, which had been worn away to a particular shape. ‘There is not the slightest doubt that the water is colder before it has passed the stone’, answered Forcheimer, and then he began to explain how the friction against the stone increased the water temperature. ‘Com- pletely wrong’, replied Schauberger. ‘The water is colder below (i.e. downstream from) the stone.’

A forceful debate ensued and Forcheimer drew up flow charts and temperature diagrams in the sand on the stream bank to emphasize that he was right. After a while Schauberger said:

‘Would it not be simpler if we measured the temperature of the water to see who is right?’

He had a thermometer with him and strode into the water in his leather breeches. When he had taken the temperature he accounced triumphantly to the impatient Professor that the water below the stone was 2/10°C colder than above.

 

THE REGENERATION OF DISEASED WATER

14-Schauberger’s discoveries prove among others that water can be multiplied and improved by applying planetary motion and simply imitating nature’s methods, and conversely that when water is ruined by centrifugation and such devices as compressor turbines, water wheels, etc., it becomes devitalized, loses its power of levitation, ceases to breathe, asphyxiates and — with continued exposure to sunlight — recedes and vanishes altogether.  Of course, in the bosom of Mother Earth this diseased water is gathered up again and its polarity reversed, whereupon it is re- generated and ready to reappear as a fresh and bubbling mountain spring at a new place, where it still finds the protective shade of trees it requires.

Be that as it may, our supplies of fresh water are steadily shrinking.  In various branches of industry water experts worry and desperately search for a solution to the water problem.  This search is bound to be fruitless unless they turn to Schauberger’s discoveries and replace the present fire technology with a bio- technology that will protect and benefit life.

The water and the energy problems can be solved simultaneously if magnetism is produced by mechanical means, and all attempts to produce atomic energy are abandoned.

People can learn only by trial and error.  Perhaps the error we made in applying fire methods indiscriminately was necessary to make us realize how dangerous it is to reverse and alter the natural basic motion (the one indicated by Nature as our only means of development) and how wrong it is to employ combustion and other destructive processes to build a civilization.  This explains the decadence of our culture. When people use only excentric or centrifugal forces for technical purposes they deteriorate both morally and spiritually.

To use nuclear energy produced by the explosion and fission of atoms is a fatal blunder and a crime against humanity and against the earth itself.  Hence it is only natural that the branch of science which has conjured up these horrors has found itself in a blind alley from which there would be no escape were it not for the discovery of diamagnetism, this universal life force without which there can be no respiration and no life. Fortunately, it can be mechanically produced and used to give earth, air and water the chance to breathe again.

The most convincing and obvious proof that life is gradually perishing can be found in the streams and rivers of our industrial areas were water is already so polluted by industrial waste waters and sewers that it resembles drainage from a manure pit.  As a result our underground water and supplies of drinking water are gradually becoming unfit for human consumption.  They are killing people, just as they have killed the fish which only a few years ago used to splash in them. Water chlorination is also harmful to the human organism.  Today the Rhine and the Weser are Europe’s most polluted rivers.

 

The difference between innovation and idea

 

An idea is a conceptual thought that represents a possible course of action or a mental impression of something.

Innovation involves the practical implementation of ideas into real-world solutions or improvements.

Innovation refers to the process of turning an idea into a new or improved product, service, process, or methodology that adds value or uniquely meets specific needs.

Characteristics of Innovation:

Implementation: Requires actual development and practical application.

Value creation: Must significantly improve something or solve a problem effectively.

Impact: Often leads to change or progress within a market, community, or society.

Idea

An Idea is the initial conceptualization or a mental representation of a new method, concept, or approach, often not yet tested or realized.

Characteristics of an Idea:

Abstract: Exists primarily in the mind and may not have a physical form.

Potential: Represents potential solutions or creations but lacks concrete form until developed.

Variability: Can evolve and change rapidly as it is refined or expanded upon.

Relation and Relevance

An idea serves as the seed for innovation. Without innovative thinking, ideas remain as mere concepts without practical application. Conversely, innovation cannot exist without an initial idea as its foundation. The process of transforming an idea into innovation involves research, development, testing, and refinement.

The key differences between innovation and an idea are:

An idea is a thought or concept that emerges in the mind, often in response to a problem or opportunity. Ideas can be incremental improvements or entirely new concepts.

Innovation, on the other hand, is the successful implementation and commercialization of a new or improved product, service, process, or business model that creates value. Innovation involves taking an idea and turning it into a tangible, impactful outcome.

In summary:

An idea is the initial creative spark, while innovation is the realization of that idea into something new and valuable.

Ideas are the starting point, but innovation requires developing the idea into a practical solution and bringing it to market.

Not all ideas lead to successful innovations. Innovation requires additional steps like planning, resource allocation, and execution to turn an idea into a meaningful impact.

Innovation is about creating something new or improving existing things, while an idea is simply the original thought or concept.

So in essence, an idea is the beginning, while innovation is the end result of successfully developing and implementing that initial idea.

Innovation is used in contexts where the focus is on application, practicality, and tangible outcomes, such as in business development, technology, and scientific research.

Idea is more commonly associated with the creative process, brainstorming sessions, and the early stages of project planning or academic research.

The concept of a smartphone was once just an idea—combining the functionality of a phone and a computer into a single portable device. The actual innovation occurred when technology companies successfully developed, produced, and marketed smartphones, radically transforming how we communicate and access information globally.

In summary, while an idea is the starting point of creativity or problem-solving, innovation is the practical execution that brings an idea to life, providing real and impactful solutions in various fields.

Innovation refers to the process of creating new ideas, products, or methods. It can also refer to the implementation of these new ideas, products, or methods in a practical context. Innovation can take many forms, including technological innovation, social innovation, and business model innovation.

Factors to consider for evaluating business ideas

  1. How relevant is the idea?

If the new product or service does not align with the parent brand’s connotations, it’s likely not relevant to the company’s strategic focus.

  1. How much will the idea benefit customers?

It is crucial to have a sympathetic understanding of how customers use your company’s products or services and how it benefits them.

So keep the benefit to customers in mind when developing new ideas.

  1. How easy is it for competitors to imitate?

Rating the imitability of an idea makes you consider if it can be copied by competitors. If a product or service idea is easily replicated, it might not provide a sustainable competitive advantage. Managers believe that being the first to bring a new product or service to the market guarantees a first-mover advantage. But there are notable examples where a first-mover loses the lead despite strong brand recognition.

  1. How complex is it to bring the idea to market?

When a team is excited about an idea, it’s understandable that they won’t consider how difficult it will be to see it through to a viable innovation. That is why it’s necessary to sensibly assess if the idea is perhaps too complex for the capabilities of the business.

  1. How much profit is expected?

Estimating the expected numerical value of an idea, is difficult. Your company might not be able to say exactly how much profit it will generate. But consider the market potential of the idea on a scale of low to very high. Consider if the anticipated value of the idea will outweigh the cost of delivering it. What is the market size of the product? Even if your company makes the decision to pursue a loss-leader strategy with low margins on the product, there needs to be a vision for the business value it will create. So, incorporate profitability in your evaluation criteria to judge if the investment is justified.

  1. Do you have internal know-how for the next step?

Ask yourself, does your organization have the required skills and competencies to implement the idea? Is more experience needed before prototyping? The idea may be attractive, disruptive, and potentially profitable, but success is unlikely if you don’t have employees who understand what’s required to create the product.

Turning Ideas into Innovations:

Every innovation starts with an idea. We all have ideas, even great ones, yet few people can bring them to life, and even fewer can turn them into innovations.

Why aren’t more ideas turning into innovations?

Coming up with an idea can happen suddenly, it can be a spark, a moment of inspiration we have when least expected. But the path to implementation is often challenging and takes time, even if its completion is independent of external forces.

Developing ideas in a company could take weeks and implementing them could even take years of hard work and excellent execution from teams of experts.

To this, we add the things that are less obvious at first glance, but that can prevent people from working on new ideas.

For example, people with a growth mindset will be more open to working on new ideas or trying new things. Studies show that a growth mindset contributes to innovation and that in the right environment where continuous learning and improvement are promoted, people can develop new skills and be influenced into developing a growth mindset.

So, if leadership is not promoting such behavior, and is not focused on hiring the right people, bringing novel ideas to life becomes almost mission impossible.

There are also the biases that prevent us from recognizing ideas with potential. There’s a common misconception that to innovate, you need innovative ideas, those ideas that would lead to disruptive or radical innovations. That’s a sure way of missing out on opportunities that could add value to the bigger picture.

Common innovation roadblocks and how to overcome them

if you are innovating you are creating something new which consequently means that others haven’t done it before, so mistakes and failure are normal and expected. Even though there’s no secret that failure is part of the process, some leaders have trouble understanding the extent of this failure or are simply afraid to jump head-first because they expect certainty before making any investment decisions.

The only sure thing about innovation is that there’s almost always something that either goes wrong or blocks the process.

Unfortunately, the only sure thing about innovation is that there’s almost always something that either goes wrong or blocks the process (if you have one in place). We can’t predict the future, but we can talk from our experience that there are certain roadblocks that are more common than others and once you start noticing those, you can work on removing them.

1-Too much focus on ideation

Unfortunately, many organizations waste a lot of time with brainstorming sessions that on the long term don’t add to much.

The problem with this approach, especially when done sporadically, is that organizations end up having many ideas, sometimes the same ones repeatedly, but they don’t know what to do with them. Best case scenario, they pick the low hanging fruits and work on those. But on the long run, they might not lead to ideal innovation outcomes.

ideation shouldn’t be just about generating ideas. Ideation is a whole process that leads to implementation and whether you’re ideating for continuous improvement or radical ideas, evaluating, selecting, refining, and developing these ideas should also be part of the process.

2-Lack of common language

Another often overlooked aspect is finding the common language and landing on the same page with everyone concerned.

there should be a consensus of what innovation and value means for your organization. Surprisingly, it’s very common that there’s no shared language for important concepts of innovation and it can become a major roadblock when trying to identify the ideas that are indeed worth pursuing.

3-Lack of innovation talent

Large companies often know their industry and customers well and have plenty of resources, but they don’t necessarily know how to lead innovation, nor have the talent to make that happen and scale it. These are all often very different from how the company is used to doing things.

Recruiting the best people is now a competitive advantage for successful organizations.

From idea to innovation

Ideas are not innovations and having an idea doesn’t automatically make you an innovator. At the same time, groundbreaking ideas aren’t the only ones that can make innovation happen, as often even a few simple ideas can add up to great results. Discipline, patience, and commitment to a process of continuous learning, testing, development, and iteration are essential.

Of course, all these take time, but you need to start somewhere. So, let’s figure out what customers need

Many successful products and services come from companies that understood very well the underlying needs of customers.

 

Patent And Invention

 

What is an invention?

Patents are the most generalized way for protecting the rights of inventors. A patent is an exclusive right granted by the state for the protection of an invention. The patent grants to its holder the exclusive right to use or exploit the invention and prevent third parties from using it without consent. If the holder does not wish to exploit the patent, the holder has the right to sell or grant the rights to another company to commercialize it under a license.

That is, a patent consists of a right granted to an inventor by a state, allowing the right holder to prevent third parties from commercially exploiting the invention during a limited time period, usually 20 years from the filing date of the patent application.

Patents are the principal juridical instrument used to protect an invention.

The system is based on the theory that the financial benefits derived from the exploitation of a patent and the publication of inventions for their public dissemination and use will promote innovation and increase the technical level of a country’s industry, with obvious benefits for its commerce.

In effect, by granting an exclusive right, a patent is an incentive that offers the inventor recognition for the creative activity and material reimbursement for the commercial invention. These incentives in turn boost innovation, contributing to an increased quality of life. In return for these exclusive rights, the inventor is obliged to disclose the patented invention publicly, so that third parties may benefit from new knowledge and thus contribute to technological development.

Hence, disclosure of the invention constitutes an essential requirement in the patent-granting procedure. The patent system is designed with balance between the interests of inventors and the interests of the society.

It is not true that patents are solely granted for complex physical and chemical products and processes, or only to large companies. In general, patents can be obtained in any technological field, from paperclips to complex pharmaceutical products. There are thousands of patents for day-to-day products such as filters, glass bottles, fabrics, or bicycles.

This exclusivity of the patent right is granted for a limited time period: 20 years from the filing date of the application as long as the rightholder keeps paying the annual maintenance fees. It is only valid in the country where protection was sought (territoriality principle).

The term “patent” also refers to the document issued by the corresponding governmental authority in that area.

 

What is an invention?

What characterizes an invention is that it is a solution to a technical or functional problem, not an aesthetic or any other kind of problem. An invention can be a product or process, or both.

The technical problem can be old or new, but in order to obtain a patent, the solution must be novel. Simply discovering something that already exists in nature, which we term a discovery, is not an invention. There must be a human activity involved.

An invention is not necessarily complex. Nevertheless, nowadays, with the level of specialization in different areas of knowledge, the majority of inventions are products of research and development (R&D) activities carried out or financed by companies, research centers, or universities, characterized by requiring a set of human, material, and financial resources optimized to achieve a desired result, which can materialize in the form it was originally proposed or another.

 

What is the difference between a patent and an invention?

A patent is an exclusive right, meaning it allows the patent holder to use the invention for professional or commercial purposes,  exclusively for a specified period (maximum 20 years) in the country in which it was granted. The Patent Office decides whether to grant (or refuse to grant) a patent upon examining the subject matter of the application. On the other hand, an invention is an innovative technological solution (device, method, application, etc.) which is non-obvious and was previously unknown. An invention should not be confused with a patent. An invention may be patented or not. It depends primarily on whether:

it meets the legal requirements (mostly pertaining to novelty, that it involves an inventive step, and has industrial applicability),

patenting the invention serves the needs of the patent holder. Under some circumstances, it might be more advisable to keep the solution secret as know-how.

In essence, the patent owner has the exclusive right to prevent or stop others from commercially exploiting the patented invention. This means that the invention cannot be commercially made, used, distributed, imported, or sold by others without the patent owner’s consent. It’s important to note that patents are territorial rights, and their exclusive rights are generally applicable only in the country or region in which a patent has been filed and granted, following the laws of that specific jurisdiction. The protection granted by a patent typically lasts for a limited period, generally maximum 20 years from the filing date of the patent application.

 

Difference between patentable and non patentable inventions

Patentable inventions are those that fall into specific categories, including processes, machines, manufactures, compositions of matter, and improvements, as long as they meet criteria like originality, enablement, utility, and statutory subject matter. These inventions can be granted patents, which provide exclusive rights to the inventor for a certain period.

Non-patentable inventions include discoveries, scientific theories, mathematical methods, nonfunctioning products, mental task methods, informative presentations, and certain medical/veterinary procedures. Perpetual motion machines, unethical/immoral inventions, and non-technical software/business methods also fall into the non-patentable category. Patents are essential for protecting intellectual property, preventing others from replicating and selling the invention without consent, and encouraging innovation​.

 

Patents: Protecting Inventors and Their Inventions

An invention is a novel machine, design, mechanical process, configuration of substances, or created item.

An inventor is a person whose intellectual work has led to an invention, not just a person who works with an inventor. Note that this means an inventor’s lab assistant might not be considered a co-inventor if the assistant’s work was simply to carry out processes determined by the inventor.

A patent protects an invention by allowing its inventor — or the group who owns the patent — control over who may use the invention. Patent applications are adjudicated by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) and are valid for 20 years.

An assignee is a person or group who owns a patent. While this could be the inventor themselves, an assignee could also be the university the inventor works for or the company or organization that funded the inventor’s research.

 

What can be patented?

Improving existing inventions

An invention does not have to be an entirely new device, process or product.

It can be—and is most likely to be—an improvement to an existing invention.

About 90% of patents are for improvements to existing patented inventions.

Headphones have existed for a century but continue to evolve with technology.

Patentability criteria

The criteria for patentable inventions are found in the Patent Act, which is the federal legislation governing patent law in Canada.

How do you know if you have an invention eligible for a patent?

Your invention must be new, useful and non-obvious.

Your invention must be the first of its kind in the world.

It must not be known to the general public in writing or in any other form anywhere in the world before the application is filed.

Your invention must work at a practical level and have a useful function.

It simply has to have a use.

Your invention must be something that a person with relevant technical experience and knowledge would not have thought of.

 

Patent rights

A patent gives you the exclusive right to prevent others from making, using or selling your invention in any manner.

This only applies to countries that have granted you a patent.

It is valid for up to 20 years from the date you file your application.

Value added by patents

Holding a patent can boost investor and stakeholder confidence.

It makes it easier for small and medium-sized businesses to attract financing from investors in order to take their business to the next level.

Patents can also give you a competitive edge and ensure market exclusivity by acting as a barrier for your competitors.

The patent holder is the sole person with the exclusive right to use, sell and manufacture the innovative technology for up to 20 years.

Patents can also be a revenue source.

You can use your patented technology for the purpose of:

Exploiting:You can use, manufacture or sell your invention directly to consumers in the marketplace.

Licensing:You can allow another party to exploit your patent for monthly royalties.

Assigning:You can sell or transfer your patent ownership to another party for an immediate lump sum of money.

Using patents strategically

Commercialize your invention

Turn your patent into dollars!

Getting legal rights to your invention through a patent gives you proof of ownership. This is crucial to gaining the most commercial value.

Turn your know-how into a commercial asset!

Holding a patent may open up opportunities for business growth and job creation.

Consider a licensing agreement. For start-up businesses, licensing is typically the fastest way to generate cash flow.

 

What are some of the benefits of licensing your patent?

Leverage existing manufacturing deals and distribution channels

Access existing markets and benefit from established names

Reinvest in further research and development

Use revenues earned from monetizing your patent to finance further research and development for your company

Export your invention

You must obtain a separate patent for each country where you seek protection.

Consider strategically filing for patent rights in countries where you plan on doing business—to sell or manufacture products, license your technology or assign your IP to another party.

 

Applying for a patent

Be the first to file

Patents are granted to the first person to file an application.

File as soon as possible in case someone else is on a similar track.

Keep secrecy before applying

Keeping secrecy before filing is crucial to prevent others from filing for the same invention before you.

Consider confidentiality and non-disclosure agreements if you must reveal your invention to anyone before you file your patent application.

If you publicly disclose your invention before filing, it may be impossible to obtain a patent because the invention will no longer be considered new.

Search patent databases

Before you file, search for existing patents or patent applications. This will determine if your invention, or a similar one, has been patented already.

 

Why patent inventions?

Since a patent confers legal rights concerning the exploitation of an invention,it allows the owner the best opportunity to profit from the invention by preventing others from copying it. An inventor does not need a patent in order to exploit an invention; but without a patent the inventor would not be able to prevent others from copying the invention.

Inventors are often not in a position to produce or market their invention from their own resources. Patents, being a form of commercial property,provide a basis for owners to negotiate with potential investors or other business partners while preserving their intellectual property rights.

The prospect of gaining profits from this special form of protection serves to promote research activity and to give an incentive for new investment.

 

What is patentable?

In order to be eligible for the grant of a valid patent the invention must be new, involve an inventive step and be capable of industrial application.

  • Novelty: An invention is considered new if it does not form part of the state of the art. The state of the art comprises everything made available to the public in any way, anywhere in the world, before the date of filing of the patent application.

Inventive step: An invention is considered as involving an inventive step if it is not obvious to a person skilled in that area of technology, having regard to the state of the art.

  • Industrial applicability: The invention must be capable of being made or used in some kind of industry, Including agriculture.

Excluded Subject Matter and exceptions to patentability

Not all inventions qualify for the grant of a patent.

 

The Patents Act

specifically excludes the following subjects from patentability:

(i) Discoveries and aesthetic creations:

  • a discovery, a scientific theory or a mathematical method;
  • an aesthetic creation;
  • a scheme, rule or method for performing a mental act, playing a game or doing business, or a computer program; or the presentation of information.

Although such subject-matter or activities are not patentable their use or application may be patentable. For example, a scheme or method for playing a game is not patentable, but it is possible to obtain patent protection for a novel apparatus for playing a game. Also, the exclusion from patentability of computer programs does not prevent the granting of patents for inventions involving the use of such programs, as long as a technical effect is achieved by its implementation.

While it is not possible to obtain a patent on software per se, patents may be granted for inventions requiring the use of software to achieve their purpose. This, however, is conditional on the software having a “technical effect” when the programme is run. Such effect may, for example, be found in the control of an industrial process or in the internal functioning of the computer itself.

(ii) Methods of medical and veterinary treatments:

Methods of treatment of the human or animal body by surgery or therapy and diagnostic methods practiced on the human or animal body are not patentable. This exclusion does not apply to products, substances or compositions for use in any of these methods, i..e. medicines or surgical instruments.

(iii) Plant and animal varieties or essentially biological processes for their production. Plant varieties may be protected by other means, such as through the Office of the Controller of Plant Breeders Rights. However, if the invention concerns plants and animals and if the technical feasibility of the invention is not confined to a particular plant or animal variety, the invention may be patentable.

(iv) Inventions the publication or exploitation of which would be contrary to public order or morality. This exclusion is subject to the proviso that the exploitation of such inventions is not deemed to be so contrary merely because it is prohibited in law.

 

Types of Patents

There are two types of patents available

(1) Full-term patents

These patents allow the inventor/applicant protection for up to 20 years. For a full-term patent to be granted, the applicant must provide evidence of the invention’s novelty.

(2) Short-term patents:

Short-term patents are designed to assist smaller inventors. These patents can also suit inventions where a shorter market life is expected, or inventions that are not technologically complex. These patents last for a maximum of ten years, and the applicant does not need to provide evidence of the invention’s novelty. This

effectively reduces the costs and length of time involved in getting an invention patented.

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